這是《故都的秋》原文及賞析，是優(yōu)秀的教學(xué)案例文章，供老師家長(zhǎng)們參考學(xué)習(xí)。

　　《故都的秋》是中國(guó)現(xiàn)代作家郁達(dá)夫于1934年創(chuàng)作的散文，寄寓了作者眷戀故都自然風(fēng)物和對(duì)美的執(zhí)著追求，流露出一種沉靜、寡淡的心境。此文感情濃厚，意味雋永，文辭優(yōu)美，多次被選入中學(xué)語(yǔ)文教材。

　　此處選用的英譯版本及文末注釋出自中國(guó)著名翻譯家、杰出教授張培基先生。張先生的譯文自然流暢并且極具文采，充分體現(xiàn)了譯者的翻譯理念，實(shí)乃翻譯作品的經(jīng)典，令許多讀者和翻譯愛(ài)好者受益匪淺。

　　故都的秋 Autumn in Peiping

　　作者：郁達(dá)夫 By Yu Dafu

　　秋天，無(wú)論在什么地方的秋天，總是好的;可是啊，北國(guó)的秋，卻特別地來(lái)得清，來(lái)得靜，來(lái)得悲涼。我的不遠(yuǎn)千里，要從杭州趕上青島，更要從青島趕上北平來(lái)的理由，也不過(guò)想飽嘗一嘗這“秋”，這故都的秋味.

　　Autumn, wherever it is, always has something to recommend itself. In North China, however, it is particularly limpid, serene and melancholy. To enjoy its atmosphere to the full in the onetime capital, I have, therefore, made light of travelling a long distance from Hangzhou to Qingdao, and thence to Peiping.

　　江南，秋當(dāng)然也是有的，但草木凋得慢，空氣來(lái)得潤(rùn)，天的顏色顯得淡，并且又時(shí)常多雨而少風(fēng);一個(gè)人夾在蘇州上海杭州，或廈門(mén)香港廣州的市民中間，混混沌沌地過(guò)去，只能感到一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)清涼，秋的味，秋的色，秋的意境與姿態(tài)，總看不飽，嘗不透，賞玩不到十足。秋并不是名花，也并不是美酒，那一種半開(kāi)、半醉的狀態(tài)，在領(lǐng)略秋的過(guò)程上，是不合適的。

　　There is of course autumn in the South too, but over there plants wither slowly, the air is moist, the sky pallid, and it is more often rainy than windy. While muddling along all by myself among the urban dwellers of Suzhou, Shanghai, Xianmen, Hong Kong or Guangzhou, I feel nothing but a little chill in the air, without ever relishing to my heart's content the flavour, colour, mood and style of the season. Unlike famous flowers which are most attractive when half opening, good wine which is most tempting when one is half drunk, autumn, however, is best appreciated in its entirety.

　　不逢北國(guó)之秋，已將近十余年了。在南方每年到了秋天，總要想起陶然亭的蘆花，釣魚(yú)臺(tái)的柳影，西山的蟲(chóng)唱，玉泉的夜月，潭柘寺的鐘聲。在北平即使不出門(mén)去吧，就是在皇城人海之中，租人家一椽破屋來(lái)住著，早晨起來(lái)，泡一碗濃茶，向院子一坐，你也能看得到很高很高的碧綠的天色，聽(tīng)得到青天下馴鴿的飛聲。從槐樹(shù)葉底，朝東細(xì)數(shù)著一絲一絲漏下來(lái)的日光，或在破壁腰中，靜對(duì)著像喇叭似的牽牛花(朝榮)的藍(lán)朵，自然而然地也能夠感覺(jué)到十分的秋意。說(shuō)到了牽牛花，我以為以藍(lán)色或白色者為佳，紫黑色次之，淡紅色最下。最好，還要在牽牛花底，教長(zhǎng)著幾根疏疏落落的尖細(xì)且長(zhǎng)的秋草，使作陪襯。

　　It is more than a decade since I last saw autumn in North. When I am in the South, the arrival of each autumn will put me in mind of Peiping's Tao Ran Ting with its reed catkins, Diao Yu Tai with its shady willow trees, Western Hills with their chirping insects, Yu Quan Shan Mountain on a moonlight evening and Tan Zhe Si with its reverbrating bell. Suppose you put up in a humble rented house inside the bustling imperial city, you can, on getting up at dawn, sit in your courtyard sipping a cup of strong tea, leisurely watch the high azure skies and listen to pigeons circling overhead. Saunter eastward under locust trees to closely observe streaks of sunlight filtering through their foliage, or quietly watch the trumpet-shaped blue flowers of morning glories climbing half way up a dilapidated wall, and an intense feeling of autumn will of itself well up inside you. As to morning glories, I like their blue or white flowers best, dark purple ones second best, and pink ones third best. It will be most desirable to have them set off by some tall thin grass planted underneath here and there.

　　北國(guó)的槐樹(shù)，也是一種能使人聯(lián)想起秋來(lái)的點(diǎn)綴。像花而又不是花的那一種落蕊，早晨起來(lái)，會(huì)鋪得滿(mǎn)地。腳踏上去，聲音也沒(méi)有，氣味也沒(méi)有，只能感出一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)極微細(xì)極柔軟的觸覺(jué)。掃街的在樹(shù)影下一陣掃后，灰土上留下來(lái)的一條條掃帚的絲紋，看起來(lái)既覺(jué)得細(xì)膩，又覺(jué)得清閑，潛意識(shí)下并且還覺(jué)得有點(diǎn)兒落寞，古人所說(shuō)的梧桐一葉而天下知秋的遙想，大約也就在這些深沉的地方。

　　Locust trees in the North, as a decorative embellishment of nature, also associate us with autumn. On getting up early in the morning, you will find the ground strewn all over with flower-like pistils fallen from locust trees. Quiet and smellless, they feel tiny and soft underfoot. After a street cleaner has done the sweeping under the shade of the trees, you will discover countless lines left by his broom in the dust, which look so fine and quiet that somehow a feeling of forlornness will begin to creep up on you. The same depth of implication is found in the ancient saying that a single fallen leaf from the wutong tree is more than enough to inform the world of autumn's presence.

　　秋蟬的衰弱的殘聲，更是北國(guó)的特產(chǎn)，因?yàn)楸逼教幪幦L(zhǎng)著樹(shù)，屋子又低，所以無(wú)論在什么地方，都聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)它們的啼唱。在南方是非要上郊外或山上去才聽(tīng)得到的。這秋蟬的嘶叫，在北方可和蟋蟀耗子一樣，簡(jiǎn)直像是家家戶(hù)戶(hù)都養(yǎng)在家里的家蟲(chóng)。

　　The sporadic feeble chirping of cicadas is especially characteristic of autumn in the North. Due to the abundance of trees and the low altitude of dwellings in Peiping, cicadas are audible in every nook and cranny of the city. In the South, however, one cannot hear them unless in suburbs or hills. Because of their ubiquitous shrill noise, these insects in Peiping seem to be living off every household like crickets or mice.

　　還有秋雨哩，北方的秋雨，也似乎比南方的下得奇，下得有味，下得更像樣。

　　As for autumn rains in the North, they also seem to differ from those in the South, being more appealing, more temperate.

　　在灰沉沉的天底下，忽而來(lái)一陣涼風(fēng)，便息列索落地下起雨來(lái)了。一層雨過(guò)，云漸漸地卷向了西去，天又晴了，太陽(yáng)又露出臉來(lái)了，著著很厚的青布單衣或夾襖的都市閑人，咬著煙管，在雨后的斜橋影里，上橋頭樹(shù)底下去一立，遇見(jiàn)熟人，便會(huì)用了緩慢悠閑的聲調(diào)，微嘆著互答著地說(shuō)：

　　A sudden gust of cool wind under the slaty sky, and raindrops will start pitter-pattering. Soon when the rain is over, the clouds begin gradually to roll towards the west and the sun comes out in the blue sky. Some idle townsfolk, wearing lined or unlined clothing made of thick cloth, will come out pipe in mouth and, loitering under a tree by the end of a bridge, exchange leisurely conversation with acquaintances with a slight touch of regret at the passing of time:

　　“唉，天可真涼了-----”(這了字念得很高，拖得很長(zhǎng)。)

　　“Oh, real nice and cool - ”

　　“可不是嗎?一層秋雨一層涼了!”

　　“Sure! Getting cooler with each autumn shower!”

　　……北方的果樹(shù)，到秋天，也是一種奇景。第一是棗子樹(shù)，屋角，墻頭，茅房邊上，灶房門(mén)口，它都會(huì)一株株地長(zhǎng)大起來(lái)。像橄欖又像鴿蛋似的這棗子顆兒，在小橢圓形的細(xì)葉中間，顯出淡綠微黃的顏色的時(shí)候，正是秋的全盛時(shí)期，等棗樹(shù)葉落，棗子紅完，西北風(fēng)就要起來(lái)了，北方便是沙塵灰土的世界，只有這棗子、柿子、葡萄，成熟到八九分的七八月之交，是北國(guó)的清秋的佳日，是一年之中最好也沒(méi)有的Golden Days。

　　Fruit trees in the North also make a wonderful sight in autumn. Take jujube tree for example. They grow everywhere -- around the corner of a house, at the foot of a wall, by the side of a latrine or outside a kitchen door. It is at the height of autumn that jujubes, shaped like dates or pigeon eggs, make their appearance in a light yellowish-green amongst tiny elliptic leaves. By the time when they have turned ruddy and the leaves fallen, the north-westerly wind will begin to reign supreme and make a dusty world of the North. Only at the turn of July and August when jujubes, persimmons, grapes are 80-90 percent ripe will the North have the best of autumn -- the golden days in a year.

　　賞析：

　　作者進(jìn)而又古今中外，旁征博引，在比較和議論中進(jìn)一步感嘆出：“可是這秋的深味，尤其是中國(guó)的秋的深味，非要在北方，才感受得到底。”可見(jiàn)，作者把自己對(duì)秋之情無(wú)疑又渲染到一個(gè)更新的高度。

　　作者用心中之秋寫(xiě)筆下之秋。從五個(gè)方面刻畫(huà)故都的秋的景象，景象無(wú)不留有作者心的痕跡：北國(guó)院內(nèi)賞秋景、北國(guó)槐下知秋物、北國(guó)蟬底聽(tīng)秋聲、北國(guó)雨后感秋意、北國(guó)秋清話秋果。至于傳統(tǒng)的文章里明秋情的內(nèi)容，是聯(lián)想的展開(kāi)，不在景物描寫(xiě)之內(nèi)容。作者圍繞著故都之秋，文不離題，一唱三嘆，或聚或散，或敘或議，文武之道，一張一弛，字里行間，由首至尾無(wú)不融情于景，情景交匯，情感的波瀾如長(zhǎng)江后浪推前浪，層層遞進(jìn)，層層迭起，通篇洋溢著一股戀秋的主旋律。

　　《故都的秋》主要寫(xiě)作方法是寫(xiě)景、敘事、抒情、議論融為一體，繪景色用描寫(xiě)的方法，如“碧綠的天色”，“馴鴿的飛聲”，“牽牛花的藍(lán)朵”，“槐樹(shù)的落蕊”“秋蟬的殘聲”等;寫(xiě)游蹤用記敘的方法，如“從杭州趕上青島”“從青島趕上北平”這是記游蹤，它是游記的一個(gè)必備因素和特點(diǎn);開(kāi)發(fā)深味用議論筆調(diào)，如“可是這秋的深味，尤其是中國(guó)的秋的深味，非要在北方才感受得到底”;將抒情滲透在敘事、寫(xiě)景、議論之中，如“這北國(guó)的秋天，若留得住的話，我愿把壽命的三分之二折去，換得一個(gè)三分之一的零頭”。

　　不用濃墨重彩，一篇《故都的秋》滿(mǎn)寫(xiě)著贊美、眷念的韻味的和幽遠(yuǎn)、落寞的情懷。故都的秋早已都被作者涂抹了一層清、靜、悲涼的色彩。郁達(dá)夫筆下的故都的秋究竟在哪里呢?在秋院的破壁腰，在秋槐的落蕊旁，在秋蟬的殘鳴中，在秋雨滑落下，在秋果的成熟里，也在那故都閑人充滿(mǎn)了京腔京韻的互答時(shí)。在現(xiàn)實(shí)的人生里，作家的內(nèi)心被過(guò)早地投下了憂(yōu)郁、落寞的陰影。正因?yàn)檫@樣，他筆下的秋境、秋味兒，被鮮明地籠上了一層郁達(dá)夫式的主觀色彩。但故都的秋又并沒(méi)有因?yàn)樽骷业那楦畜w驗(yàn)而受到扭曲，以致失卻了它固有的特征。在物我之間完美的交融里，那院落的牽牛、槐樹(shù)的落蕊，秋蟬的鳴叫，還有那秋風(fēng)秋雨等等，是多么清晰而逼真地將再現(xiàn)了故都之秋的韻味。

　　請(qǐng)注意，“色”“味”二字是貫穿《故都的秋》的內(nèi)在線索。全文各段落層次的描述，都是以“色”“味”二字為著眼點(diǎn)，開(kāi)頭寫(xiě)故都之行的目的是為了領(lǐng)略北京秋天的色和味;兩次寫(xiě)江南之秋，意在說(shuō)明它的秋色淺、味淡;中間文章的主要部分，前一半描繪故都秋的濃烈，后一半議論故都秋味深。結(jié)尾寫(xiě)自己留戀故都秋天的濃色、深味。抓住了色、味二字，就探得了全文的內(nèi)蘊(yùn)。應(yīng)該說(shuō)，感情抒發(fā)至此已是淋漓盡致，該戛然而止了，然而作者情猶未盡，繼而將感情陡然升華到令人意想不及的頂峰：“秋天，這北國(guó)的秋天，若留得住的話，我愿把壽命的三分之二折去，換得一個(gè)三分之一的零頭。”這夾敘夾議的手法，使秋意、人意迎面撲來(lái)，足以令不曾到過(guò)北國(guó)的人們?cè)覆贿h(yuǎn)千里一睹這故都之秋了!

　　《故都的秋》的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，猶如紡錘形狀，總起開(kāi)卷顯示，分段寫(xiě)盡故都之秋的風(fēng)姿、神韻，結(jié)尾妙筆收篇，突出題旨。